Grapefruit Extract 98% Naringin Powder
description
Naringin (C₂₇H₃₂O₁₄, MW: 580.53) is a bitter-tasting dihydroflavonoid primarily found in grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), pomelo (Citrus grandis), and other citrus fruits, particularly in their peels and unripe fruits147. It belongs to the flavanone-7-O-glycoside subclass and is structurally related to naringenin, its aglycone form.
Molecular Structure & Properties
IUPAC Name: (2S)-7-[[2-O-(6-Deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
CAS Number: 10236-47-2
Crystalline Form: Pale yellow needles (monoclinic system)
Optical Rotation: [α]²⁰D = -82° (c = 1, pyridine)
Key Phytochemical & Biochemical Properties
|
Property |
Value |
Significance |
|
Solubility |
Soluble in hot water, ethanol, acetone; insoluble in non-polar solvents |
Determines extraction methods |
|
Melting Point |
171°C (decomposes) |
Indicates thermal stability |
|
UV Absorption |
λmax = 283 nm (HPLC detection) |
Standard for quantification |
|
Sweetener Potential |
Convertible to dihydrochalcone sweeteners (950-1000× sweeter than sucrose) |
Used in sugar-free products |
Source Variability:
Grapefruit peel: 1.5–6.12% naringin content
Unripe citrus fruits: Higher concentrations than ripe fruits
Extraction Methods:
Ethanol/water extraction (yield: 85–90%)
Supercritical CO₂ (higher purity, lower yield)
HPLC purification (>98% purity for nutraceuticals)
Optimized Extraction Technologies
Comparative Extraction Efficiency
|
Method |
Conditions |
Yield (%) |
Purity (%) |
Energy Cost (kW·h/kg) |
|
Ethanol Reflux |
80% EtOH, 80°C, 2h |
85-90 |
70-75 |
15.2 |
|
UAE* |
50% EtOH, 50°C, 30min |
92-95 |
80-85 |
8.7 |
|
MAE** |
60% EtOH, 500W, 5min |
88-93 |
75-80 |
6.3 |
|
SFE-CO₂ |
35MPa, 55°C, 3h |
65-70 |
95-98 |
22.5 |
*UAE: Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction
**MAE: Microwave-Assisted Extraction
Industrial-Scale Purification
Macroporous Resin Adsorption
AB-8 resin: Dynamic adsorption capacity = 48.7 mg/g
Elution: 70% ethanol, purity >85%
Preparative HPLC
Column: C18 (250×50mm, 10μm)
Mobile phase: MeOH-H₂O (35:65)
Throughput: 120g/hour at >98% purity
Benefits
✔ Heart Health – Lowers cholesterol & supports circulation
✔ Blood Sugar Control – Enhances insulin sensitivity
✔ Anti-Inflammatory – Reduces chronic inflammation
✔ Neuroprotection – Supports brain function & memory
✔ Natural Sweetener Precursor – Sugar-free applications
Applications
Health Supplements
Cholesterol-lowering capsules (250–500 mg/day)
Blood sugar management formulas
Functional Foods
Bitter-masking agents in citrus juices
Natural sweetener development
Pharmaceuticals
Anti-inflammatory adjunct therapy
Neuroprotective formulations
Cosmeceuticals
Anti-aging serums (antioxidant properties)
Product Processing
